One of the first mixed-gender monastic communities, founded in the 12th century
Religion: Christianity
Denomination: Catholicism
Founded: 1101
Ended: 1792
Location: Fontevraud-l’Abbaye, France
Other Names: Christ’s Poor
The Royal Abbey of Our Lady of Fontevraud, also known as Fontevraud Abbey, stands as a testament to nearly nine centuries of religious, political, and cultural history. Founded in 1101 by Robert d’Arbrissel, a visionary preacher known for his radical ecclesiastical views, the Abbey quickly became the center of the Fontevraud Order, notable for its inclusivity of individuals from diverse social backgrounds. The Order envisioned the Abbey as an “ideal city” dedicated to prayer, work, abstinence, silence, and poverty, expanding its influence across England and Spain.
The Abbey’s unique foundation as a mixed-gender community under the spiritual leadership of women was revolutionary for its time. This setup allowed the Abbey to flourish as a hub for spiritual and intellectual activity, particularly under the guidance of its most famous abbesses, such as Gabrielle de Rochechouart, who transformed Fontevraud into a center of learning and culture during the 17th century.
Fontevraud’s significance was further elevated when it became the necropolis for Plantagenet royalty, including Henry II of England, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, and their son Richard the Lionheart. Eleanor of Aquitaine, in particular, played a pivotal role in the Abbey’s history, retiring there and ensuring it served as the final resting place for her family, commissioning lifelike effigies for their tombs.
However, the Abbey’s rich history took a dark turn following the French Revolution when it was closed and repurposed as one of France’s most notorious prisons until 1963. This period of incarceration marked a significant departure from the Abbey’s spiritual origins, with many members of the French Resistance and others suffering within its walls during World War II.
In 1963, the Abbey transitioned from a place of confinement to a site of cultural heritage, opening its doors to the public after extensive restoration. Today, Fontevraud Abbey is recognized not only for its historical and architectural significance but also as a modern cultural center. It houses a museum of modern art, featuring the Martine and Léon Cligman collection, and offers a variety of cultural programs, events, and seminars. Visitors can also experience the Abbey’s hospitality through its hotel and restaurants, which offer a contemporary contrast to its medieval origins.
image via La Croix Blanche
