A pivotal force in early American politics, opposing Freemasonry and pioneering third-party and anti-establishment movements.
Religion: Christianity
Founded: 1828
Location: United States
Other Names: Anti-Masonic Party
The Antimasons, officially known as the Anti-Masonic Party, were a significant early force in American political and social life, characterized by their staunch opposition to Freemasonry. This movement emerged from the widespread public indignation and suspicion towards the secretive fraternal order of Freemasons, accused of exerting undue influence over American politics and society. The Antimasons hold the distinction of being the first third-party in the United States, and they played a critical role in the evolution of American political organization and electoral processes.
The origin of the Anti-Masonic movement can be traced back to the 1820s, particularly with the mysterious disappearance of William Morgan in 1826, a former Mason who threatened to expose Freemasonry’s secrets, leading to widespread rumors of his murder by Masons. This incident catalyzed the public’s fears about the Masons’ secrecy and their alleged control over political and judicial systems, igniting a broad-based Anti-Masonic sentiment. Churches, civic groups, and an outraged public rallied against the Masons, accusing them of elitism and anti-democratic practices.
The Anti-Masonic Party was formalized from this sentiment, aiming to curb the perceived undue influence of Freemasons in public offices and advocating for transparency and republican principles. It rapidly gained traction, especially in the Northeast, embodying the era’s anti-establishment and reformist zeal. The party’s activities were not limited to anti-Masonry; they expanded their platform to include support for internal improvements and a protective tariff, showcasing their evolution into a broader political movement.
In 1831, the Antimasons innovated American politics by holding the first presidential nominating convention, a practice that would be adopted by all major political parties thereafter. Their candidate, former U.S. Attorney General William Wirt, won 7.8% of the popular vote in the 1832 presidential election, a significant achievement for a third-party at the time. Despite their initial success, the party’s influence waned in the 1830s as its members joined the emerging Whig Party, bringing with them their distrust of secret societies and commitment to political reform.
The Anti-Masonic Party’s legacy is profound, laying the groundwork for future third-party efforts and introducing campaign techniques and political reforms that have become staples of American electoral politics. Their insistence on transparency, accountability, and the public’s right to scrutinize the qualifications and affiliations of those in power resonates with many of the principles that underpin American democracy today.
image via Library of Congress
