One of the largest Christian denominations, known for its unique scriptures and missionary work.
Religion: Christianity
Denomination: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)
Founder: Joseph Smith
Current Leader: Russell M. Nelson
Founded: 1830
Location: Worldwide, with a significant presence in the United States
Size: Over 16 million members (2021)
Offshoots: Various Mormon fundamentalist groups
Other Names: LDS Church, Mormon Church
Website: churchofjesuschrist.org
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly referred to as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, was founded by Joseph Smith in the United States in 1830. Stemming from a vision Smith claimed to have had in 1823, where an angel named Moroni disclosed the location of golden plates buried in a hill near his home, this religion quickly differentiated itself from mainstream Christianity. These plates, which Smith later translated and published as the Book of Mormon, outline a religious history of ancient American civilizations and form a significant part of the church’s doctrine alongside the Bible, the Doctrine and Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price.
The early history of the church is marked by a series of migrations, beginning in western New York and moving through Ohio and Missouri, before finally settling in Nauvoo, Illinois. Conflicts with non-Mormon neighbors were common, often escalating into violence. After the murder of Joseph Smith by a mob in 1844, the church, under the leadership of Brigham Young, embarked on a significant migration to what is now Utah, establishing Salt Lake City as its headquarters. This period is characterized by the church’s efforts to create a theocratic state and its practice of polygamy, which was publicly acknowledged in 1852 but later officially ceased in 1890 and 1904 due to federal pressure and legislation.
Central to the faith of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the belief in Jesus Christ as the Savior and Redeemer of the world, with a strong emphasis on His atonement and salvation. However, in contrast to mainstream Christian denominations, the church is nontrinitarian, advocating for a Godhead composed of three distinct beings united in purpose rather than substance.
A distinctive practice among Latter-day Saints is the concept of a living prophet, whom they believe leads the church under the guidance of Jesus Christ. These leaders, starting with Joseph Smith and continuing to the present, are considered to have the authority to receive revelations for the direction of the church. The church also practices baptism by immersion and the laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost, similar to other Christian denominations, but uniquely includes ordinances for the dead, such as baptism and marriage, performed in their temples.
Members adhere to a health code known as the Word of Wisdom, which abstains from alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and tea, and emphasizes a balanced diet. The church is also known for its extensive missionary program, with thousands of missionaries serving worldwide, focusing on proselytizing and humanitarian efforts. Additionally, the practice of tithing, or donating 10% of one’s income to the church, is observed, supporting various church activities and building projects, including temples and meetinghouses.
The church also promotes a strong culture of service, both within its community and to the larger world, through its humanitarian services arm. These efforts include disaster relief, community service projects, and health and welfare services. The focus on family life is paramount, with programs and teachings aimed at strengthening family bonds and moral values.
Today, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints boasts millions of members worldwide, with a significant presence in the United States, Latin America, Canada, Europe, Africa, the Philippines, and parts of Oceania. The church operates a hierarchical organization structure led by a president, considered a prophet, seer, and revelator. Members are known for their missionary work, strong emphasis on family life, and adherence to health codes, including abstentions from alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and tea. Additionally, the church is involved in humanitarian efforts and educational initiatives around the globe.
Throughout its history, the LDS Church has faced criticism for its practices, historical claims, and treatment of minorities. One of the most historically significant controversies revolves around the practice of polygamy. Initially practiced secretly in the early days of the church, polygamy became a publicly acknowledged doctrine in 1852, leading to widespread criticism and conflict with the U.S. government. The church officially discontinued the practice in 1890, although some breakaway sects continue this practice.
Another area of contention has been the church’s historical treatment of racial minorities. Historically, the church barred Black individuals from the priesthood and temple ordinances, justifying these restrictions with the belief that Black spirits were less valiant in the pre-mortal existence. This interpretation contributed to the church’s justification for racial segregation and the denial of priesthood and temple blessings to Black members until 1978, when the church officially changed their position.
Additionally, the church has been criticized for its stance on LGBTQ+ issues, particularly its opposition to same-sex marriage and its policies regarding the participation of LGBTQ+ individuals in church activities, resulting in protests and calls for reform from both inside and outside the LDS community. The church’s financial opacity and handling of its extensive financial resources have also been points of debate. Critics argue for greater transparency in how tithes and donations are spent, pointing to the church’s significant investments in commercial enterprises as potentially at odds with its religious and charitable missions.
Despite these controversies, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints continues to grow and play a significant role in the religious landscape both in the United States and internationally.
image via CBS Austin
