A progressive branch of the Latter Day Saint movement that emphasizes inclusivity and modern reinterpretations of traditional doctrines.
Origins and Establishment
Reform Mormonism emerged in the late 20th century as a progressive alternative to mainstream Mormonism, seeking to reinterpret and modernize Mormon theology, practices, and culture. The movement’s roots can be traced back to the 1980s and 1990s when a group of Mormon intellectuals and dissidents began questioning certain aspects of traditional Mormon doctrine and practice. These individuals sought to create a more inclusive and progressive form of Mormonism that could adapt to changing social norms and scientific understanding.
Core Beliefs and Practices
Reform Mormonism positions itself as a more open, positive, and progressive expression of Mormon faith, eschewing literal interpretations of scripture and traditional church structures in favor of a home-based, personal philosophy. The movement encourages rationality and continuous personal and spiritual growth, rejecting the concept of judgment or condemnation after this life.
A core tenet of Reform Mormonism is the belief in pre-mortal existence and eternal progression, underscoring a commitment to knowledge expansion and self-improvement. This philosophy emphasizes the importance of individual spiritual growth and personal revelation, encouraging members to find their own meaning in Mormon traditions and rituals.
Reform Mormonism takes a metaphorical and allegorical approach to scripture, viewing Mormon texts and other religious literature as inspired works containing valuable spiritual insights rather than literal historical accounts. This open canon includes not just Mormon texts but also the world’s religious literature, encouraging a non-literal interpretation of these texts.
Inclusivity and Social Issues
One of the defining characteristics of Reform Mormonism is its commitment to inclusivity and equality. The movement fully embraces LGBTQ+ rights and inclusion, allowing individuals to participate fully in the community and its rituals regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. This progressive stance has attracted many individuals who feel alienated by the more conservative elements of mainstream Mormonism.
Reform Mormonism also champions gender equality, affirming that women are entitled to all roles and positions within its structure. This contrasts sharply with more traditional views that often restrict priesthood and certain roles to men. The movement supports all family types, including single-parent and LGBTQ+ relationships, advocating for strong family ties without discrimination.
Organizational Structure and Practices
Unlike the hierarchical structure of the LDS Church, Reform Mormonism adopts a decentralized approach. There is no central governing body or leadership hierarchy; instead, local congregations, known as branches, operate autonomously. This structure allows for greater flexibility and adaptation to the needs and beliefs of individual communities.
Reform Mormonism practices are primarily home-based, suggesting a weekly day of rest without prescribed church services. However, the movement embraces communal ceremonies conducted in dedicated temple spaces, designed to aid personal life transitions in a highly personal and edifying manner. These practices are distinct from LDS temple ordinances and are interpreted more symbolically than literally.
The movement maintains an active online presence, using digital platforms to connect members and share resources. Online forums, social media groups, and virtual meetings are common, facilitating a sense of community among geographically dispersed members. This digital engagement reflects the movement’s commitment to accessibility and inclusivity.
Theological Perspectives
Reform Mormonism diverges from mainstream Mormonism in its views on the nature of God and the afterlife. While traditional Mormonism teaches that God was once a man who progressed to godhood, Reform Mormonism typically views God in more abstract terms, often emphasizing the divine as a universal force or presence rather than a personified being. Similarly, Reform Mormonism’s conception of the afterlife tends to be less literal and more symbolic than that of mainstream Mormonism.
The movement does not claim to be the one true church or to have exclusive authority from God. Instead, it views itself as one of many valid paths to spiritual truth and enlightenment. This perspective allows for a more open and inclusive approach to faith and spirituality.
Education and Intellectual Inquiry
Education and intellectual inquiry are highly valued in Reform Mormonism. The movement encourages its members to engage critically with Mormon history, scripture, and doctrine, as well as with broader religious and philosophical ideas. This openness to questioning and reinterpretation sets Reform Mormonism apart from more orthodox Mormon traditions. Reform Mormons are encouraged to seek their own spiritual experiences and insights, believing that each person has a unique relationship with the divine.
This emphasis on education and critical thinking extends to the movement’s approach to prophets and religious leaders. While acknowledging the potential for enlightenment from prophets, Reform Mormonism stresses individual authority and warns against uncritically following anyone claiming divine commission. This stance promotes a more personal and reflective approach to spirituality.
Relationship with Other Mormon Denominations
Reform Mormonism represents a significant shift within the broader Latter Day Saint movement, challenging traditional norms and advocating for a more inclusive and contemporary interpretation of Mormonism. Despite its progressive stance, Reform Mormonism has faced criticism from more conservative Latter Day Saint groups, who argue that its interpretations and practices deviate too far from traditional teachings.
It’s important to note that Reform Mormonism remains a relatively small movement within the broader landscape of Mormonism. The majority of individuals who identify as Mormon belong to larger denominations such as the LDS Church or the Community of Christ. However, Reform Mormonism provides an alternative for those who wish to maintain a connection to their Mormon heritage while embracing a more progressive and flexible approach to faith.
Global Presence and Community
Reform Mormon communities can be found in various parts of the United States and internationally, though they are not as widespread as traditional Mormon churches. Many Reform Mormons connect with like-minded individuals through online forums and social media, forming virtual communities that supplement or replace physical congregations.
The movement does not proselytize but welcomes those who inquire, maintaining an open invitation to consider oneself a part of this faith tradition without formal conversion processes. This approach extends to dietary habits, marriage practices, and views on sin, reflecting a broad tolerance and acceptance not always found in traditional Mormonism.
Ongoing Evolution and Adaptation
The theology of Reform Mormonism continues to evolve as its adherents engage in ongoing dialogue and reflection on Mormon teachings and their relevance to contemporary life. This dynamic approach to faith allows Reform Mormonism to adapt to changing social and cultural contexts while maintaining its distinctive Mormon identity.
Reform Mormonism’s emphasis on personal philosophy, progressive values, and the rejection of traditional religious structures marks it as a unique voice within the Latter Day Saint movement, appealing to those seeking a spiritual path aligned with modern sensibilities and values.
Values
Adhering to the belief in keeping church and state separate, Reform Mormonism advocates for a clear distinction between religious and governmental affairs. This stance underscores the benefit of such separation for both spheres, promoting religious freedom while maintaining the integrity of secular governance. This position aligns with broader progressive political philosophies and reflects the movement’s commitment to individual liberty and social justice.
While not explicitly mentioned in the original texts, many Reform Mormon communities have embraced environmental stewardship as an extension of their spiritual beliefs. This focus on caring for the Earth is often seen as a natural outgrowth of the movement’s emphasis on personal responsibility and continuous improvement. Reform Mormons may interpret the concept of “dominion over the earth” found in scripture as a call for responsible stewardship rather than exploitation.
Reform Mormonism generally maintains an open and positive stance towards other faith traditions. The movement often encourages interfaith dialogue and cooperation, seeing value in diverse spiritual perspectives. This openness to other religious traditions is consistent with Reform Mormonism’s non-exclusive view of spiritual truth and its emphasis on personal spiritual exploration.
While Reform Mormonism seeks to modernize many aspects of Mormon theology and practice, it also strives to preserve valuable elements of Mormon culture and heritage. This balance between innovation and preservation creates a unique cultural space where traditional Mormon values and progressive ideals coexist and inform one another.
For example, Reform Mormons might continue to value the Mormon emphasis on family and community while redefining these concepts to be more inclusive and diverse. Similarly, they might maintain an appreciation for Mormon pioneer history while critically examining and reinterpreting its significance for contemporary life.
Challenges and Future Prospects
As a relatively new and small movement, Reform Mormonism faces several challenges. These include establishing a cohesive identity while allowing for diversity of belief, growing its membership in a competitive religious landscape, and navigating its relationship with more traditional Mormon denominations.
Despite these challenges, Reform Mormonism continues to provide a spiritual home for individuals seeking a progressive, inclusive, and intellectually engaging approach to Mormon spirituality. As societal attitudes continue to evolve and traditional religious institutions face increasing scrutiny, movements like Reform Mormonism may play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of religious practice and spiritual exploration.
Reform Mormonism represents a bold reimagining of the Mormon faith tradition, one that seeks to harmonize Mormon heritage with contemporary values and intellectual inquiry. By emphasizing personal spiritual growth, inclusivity, and adaptability, Reform Mormonism offers a unique path for those drawn to Mormon spirituality but seeking a more progressive and flexible approach to faith. As it continues to evolve and engage with the challenges of the modern world, Reform Mormonism stands as a testament to the ongoing dynamism and diversity within the broader Latter Day Saint movement.
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