A religious and political movement from Jamaica blending Christianity, pan-Africanism, and mysticism.
Religion: Abrahamic
Denomination: Rastafari
Key Figures: Marcus Garvey (influential figure), Haile Selassie (revered figure)
Founded: 1930s (emerged as a distinct movement)
Location: Primarily Jamaica, with followers worldwide
Other Names: Rastafari Movement
Rastafarianism, also known as Rastafari, is a complex movement that originated in Jamaica in the 1930s, characterized by its blending of Protestant Christianity, mysticism, and a pan-African political consciousness. The movement was significantly influenced by Marcus Garvey, whose prophecy of a black king being crowned in Africa played a pivotal role in Rastafari’s development. This prophecy was believed to be fulfilled when Ras Tafari Makonnen was crowned Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia in 1930. Early adherents viewed Selassie as the Second Coming of Christ, who would lead the black diaspora—whom they saw as exiles living in Babylon—to freedom and redemption in Zion, symbolically represented by Africa, particularly Ethiopia.
Rastafarian beliefs are deeply intertwined with the Bible, interpreting its stories and prophecies in the context of black history and identity. Central to their faith is the belief in Jah (God), the significance of Africa as their ancestral home, and the rejection of Babylon, symbolically representing the oppressive structures of the modern world. The movement promotes “livity,” or living a balanced, righteous life, and adheres to specific dietary laws, including the consumption of “I-tal” food, which is natural and unprocessed.
The Rastafarian movement also has a distinct cultural expression, most visibly through the wearing of dreadlocks, the use of Rastafarian language, and the spiritual use of marijuana, which is considered a sacrament that brings them closer to the divine. Rastafari’s impact on culture, especially through reggae music and iconic figures like Bob Marley, has helped spread its message globally.
The movement lacks a central authority and is divided into several “mansions” or branches, each with its own interpretations and practices. These include the Bobo Ashanti, Nyahbinghi, and the Twelve Tribes of Israel, among others. Despite its decentralization, the core beliefs unite Rastafarians in a shared identity and purpose.
Rastafarianism has faced opposition and persecution, notably in its early years from the Jamaican government. However, it has persisted and grown into a global movement, influencing music, fashion, and spirituality worldwide. Today, Rastafari continues to evolve, with an estimated following of around 1 million people across different continents.
image via Wikimedia Commons
